The Great Pyramid: New Information.
For centuries, popular perceptions of the Great Pyramid’s construction have hinged on Herodotos reference to “twenty years.” While historians have debated that, hard evidence on the reign of Khufu (and its length) has always been fragmentary. In the past ten years, though, things have changed substantially. We now have strong evidence that Khufu reigned much longer than the “twenty years” story. This fundamentally changes our understanding of the period, and the Great Pyramid project…
More information:
- The Memorial/Mortuary Temple of Khufu at Wikimedia Commons.
- New blocks from the Khufu Memorial Temple: Hawass, Lehner, and Jones, ‘The Great Pyramid Temple Project’, AERAGram 21 (2020), 10—17 (free download).
- Decorated blocks of Khufu, reused in later pyramids: Goedicke 1971, at the Metropolitan Museum of Art (free download).
- M. Lehner and Z. A. Hawass, Giza and the Pyramids (2017).
- F. Monnier and D. Lightbody, The Great Pyramid 2590 BC Onwards: Operations Manual (2019).
- P. Tallet and M. Lehner, The Red Sea Scrolls: How Ancient Papyri Reveal the Secrets of the Pyramids (2021).
- M. Verner, The Pyramids: The Archaeology and History of Egypt’s Iconic Monuments (2020).
- Support the History of Egypt Podcast at www.patreon.com/egyptpodcast.
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Khufu’s Great Pyramid, viewed from the southeast (Adobe Stock).
Khufu’s Memorial Temple, on east face of Great Pyramid (Wikimedia Public Domain).
Dates of “the Year after the 13th Occasion (of the cattle count)” in the Wadi al-Jarf Papyri (Tallet & Lehner 2021).
Decorated blocks showing sed-festival processions. Fourth Dynasty, reused at al-Lisht. Most likely originate from Pyramid Complex of Khufu (New York MMA and Goedicke 1971).
Decorated blocks showing deities and figures associated with sed-festivals. Fourth Dynasty, later reused at al-Lisht. Most likely originate from Pyramid Complex of Khufu (New York MMA and Goedicke 1971).
Decorated blocks referencing shrines (and pyramid?) of Khufu. Fourth Dynasty but reused at al-Lisht. Most likely originate from Pyramid Complex of Khufu (New York MMA and Goedicke 1971).
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Bibliography
- Digital Giza, ‘Khufu Pyramid’, http://giza.fas.harvard.edu/sites/1782/full/.
- H. Goedicke, Re-Used Blocks from the Pyramid of Amenemhat I at Lisht, 20 (1971) free download.
- Z. A. Hawass et al., ‘The Great Pyramid Temple Project’, AERAGram 21 (2020), 10—17 (free download).
- J.-P. Lauer, Note Complémentaire sur le Temple Funéraire de Khéops (1949).
- M. Lehner and Z. A. Hawass, Giza and the Pyramids (2017).
- F. Monnier and D. Lightbody, The Great Pyramid 2590 BC Onwards: Operations Manual (2019).
- K. Ryholt, ‘The Turin King-List’, Egypt and the Levant 14 (2004), 135—55.
- K. Ryholt, ‘The Turin King-List or So-Called Turin Canon (TC) as a Source for Chronology’, in E. Hornung et al. (eds), Ancient Egyptian Chronology (2006), 26—32.
- P. Tallet, Les Papyrus de la Mer Rouge I: Le ‘Journal de Merer’ (Papyrus Jarf A et B) (2017).
- P. Tallet and M. Lehner, The Red Sea Scrolls: How Ancient Papyri Reveal the Secrets of the Pyramids (2021).
- M. Verner, The Pyramids: The Archaeology and History of Egypt’s Iconic Monuments (Updated edn, 2020).
- Waseda University Institute of Egyptology, ‘Khufu’s Second Boat’, https://www.egyptpro.sci.waseda.ac.jp/e-khufu.html.
